This new Tainos were pre-Columbian society of Bahamas, Greater Antilles, as well as the northern Decreased Antilles. It is believed that the new seafaring Tainos was indeed nearest and dearest of the Arawakan individuals of South america. Their language is actually a member of the Maipurean linguistic nearest and dearest, and therefore range from South america across the Caribbean.
During Columbus’s arrival into the 1492, there are four Taino kingdoms and you may areas into Hispaniola (modern Dominican Republic and Haiti), each contributed of the a principal Cacique (chieftain), in order to whom tribute is paid down. Since the hereditary direct master out of Taino people, the latest cacique was paid back extreme tribute. Caciques preferred this new advantage off putting on wonderful pendants entitled guanin, living in square bohios rather than the bullet of these new villagers populated, and you will seated to the wood stools when receiving guests. During brand new Foreign-language conquest, the greatest Taino people centers may have consisted of to step 3,000 anybody or higher. This new Tainos have been historical natives and you can enemies of fierce Carib people, another type of category that have roots when you look at the South usa whom existed principally for the the newest Cheaper Antilles.
In your area, the brand new Tainos regarded on their own called its area
To own much of the fresh new fifteenth century, the new Taino group had been driven on Northeast from the Caribbean (off what’s now South america) due to raids of the intense Caribs (Many Carib women spoke Taino because of the great number of women Taino captives one of them).
Terms The term “Taino” appear right from Columbus
From the eighteenth century, Taino people was actually devastated by the delivered infection eg smallpox, as well as other trouble eg intermarriages and you will pushed absorption towards the brand new plantation discount you to definitely Spain enforced in Caribbean colonies, having its further importation out of African servant specialists. The initial submitted smallpox break out for the Hispaniola took place 1507. It is argued that there is reasonable mestizaje also multiple Indian pueblos that survived into nineteenth century for the Cuba. Brand new Spaniards whom first arrived in the fresh Bahamas, Cuba and Hispaniola when you look at the 1492, and soon after when you look at the Puerto Rico, did not render female. It got Taino women because of their spouses, hence triggered mestizo people.
The brand new indigenous anybody he encountered within his basic trip titled themselves “Taino”, meaning “good” otherwise “noble”, to differentiate themselves out-of Area-Caribs. So it term used on all Area Tainos including those in the fresh new Minimal Antilles. Such as, those in Puerto Rico called themselves Boricua (for example individuals from the brand new island of your valiant commendable lords) the isle is titled Borike’n (Higher land of your valiant good lord) and people occupying the fresh new Bahamas called themselves Sverige brudar Lucayo (quick isles).
Specific ethnohistorians, particularly Daniel Garrison Brinton, known as exact same people of individuals “Area Arawak” in the Arawakan phrase getting cassava flour, an essential of the competition. Out of this, what and the individuals were sooner entitled “Arawak”. But not, progressive students think about this a mistake. People which titled themselves Arawak lived merely regarding Guianas and Trinidad as well as their vocabulary and you can culture vary from those of the fresh Taino.
Going right through big date, some other editors, visitor, historians, linguists, anthropologists, an such like., features interchangeably utilized these words. Taino has been used in order to indicate the greater amount of Antillean people simply, those plus the Bahamas people, those people and also the Leeward Countries people otherwise all of these excluding new Puerto Rican people and you will Leeward tribes. Island Taino has been utilized to refer to those located in the new Windward Isles simply, those in the fresh northern Caribbean just otherwise those people living in people of your own countries. Progressive historians, linguists and you may anthropologists today hold that name Taino would be to send to any or all Taino/Arawak people apart from brand new Caribs. The brand new Caribs commonly viewed because of the anthropologists nor historians as being an identical individuals in the event linguists are nevertheless debating whether the Carib vocabulary is actually a keen Arawakan dialect otherwise creole code – or perhaps a definite code, that have an enthusiastic Arawakan pidgin usually used in correspondence.